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NOCTURNAL ENURESIS Bed-wetting is also known as nighttime incontinence or nocturnal enuresis. Generally, bed-wetting before age 7 isn’t a concern. At this age, the child may still be developing nighttime bladder control. If bedwetting continues, treat the problem with patience & understanding. Bladder training or medication may help reduce bedwetting. SYMPTOMS           Bed-wetting is involuntary urination while asleep after the age at which staying dry at night can be reasonably expected (above 7 yrs).           Bed-wetting is sometimes accompanied by unusual thirst painful urination, pink or red urine , hard stools, snoring. CAUSES There are no exact causes for bed-wetting but various factors may play a role :           A small bladder           Inability to recognize full Bladder           A hormonal imbalance     ...

UTI in Children Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common disease in kids. This happens when bacteria get into the bladder or kidneys . A baby with a UTI may have the following conditions fever, throw up, or be fussy. Older kids may have a fever, have pain when peeing, need to pee a lot or have lower belly pain. What Are the Signs of a UTI? Most UTIs occur in the lower part of the urinary tract which includes urethra and bladder. This type of UTI is called cystitis. A child with cystitis may have the following signs           Pain or burning sensation when peeing           Increased urge or more frequent need to pee           Fever           Waking up at midnight a lot to go to the bathroom           Belly pain in the area of the bladder           Foul-smelling pee How Are UTIs ...

VUR What is Vesicoureteral Reflux? Urine flows from the kidneys , through thin tubes called ureters, to the bladder . If urine flows from the bladder back into the ureters this is called vesicoureteral reflux. With vesicoureteral reflux, urine flows back from the bladder to ureter then to the kidney. This may happen in one or both ureters. This condition occurs when the "flap valve" doesn’t work this lets urine flow back, due to this bacteria from the bladder can enter the kidney may cause a kidney infection that can lead to kidney damage . When urine flows back from ureters to kidneys this can cause is more severe damage to kidneys. The more severe reflux is the greater risk of kidney damage if there is an infection present. Symptoms of Vesicoureteral Reflux           A burning sensation when urinating           A strong, persistent urge to urinate           The need to pass small amou...

UTI (urinary tract infection) A urinary tract infection is an infection that occurs in the urinary systems, Like kidneys , bladder , ureters , urethra . Most commonly these infections will occur in bladder and urethra.UTI in the bladder is pain and serious when it spreads to the kidney. This infection was most commonly seen in women rather than men. UTI doesn't always cause signs of infection some of the symptoms include Burning sensation whine urination, Passing a frequent a small amount of urine and Urine color in pink, red, cola-colored, Strong smelling urine, Urine appears cloudy UTIs are of three types  Cystitis: This causes the bladder, Symptoms for this are the lower abdomen and feel pain while peeing. Pyelonephritis: This causes in the kidney, Symptoms for this are a pain in the upper back, Fever, Chills, Chills Urethritis:  This causes in the urethra, Symptoms for this are ...

Testicular Cancer What Is Testicular Cancer? A Cancer that occurs in the testicles, which are located inside the scrotum, a loose bag of skin underneath the penis. These produce male sex hormones, sperm for reproduction. Compared with other cancer, testicular cancer is rare. Testicular cancer is treatable, even when cancer has spread outside the testicle. Depending on the stage of testicular cancer , you may have one of several treatments or a combination. Cancer Causes and Risk Factors There are no particular causes of testicular cancer in most cases. This cancer occurs when healthy cells in a testicle become altered. These new cells from the mass in testicles. Factors that increase the risk of testicular cancer includes:   Undefended tests due to the arrest of tests down migration before birth. Abnormal testicle development: Many conditions that cause testicles to develop abnormally, such as Klinefelter syndrome, which may increase your risk ...

Penile Cancer What Is Penile Cancer?  This cancer occurs when cells grow out of control on or in a man’s penis. It can be treated, especially if it’s found in the earlier stages. There are several types of penile cancer: Squamous cell: This makes 95% of penile cancer  cases. It usually starts at the penile skin/glans Sarcoma: In this case, cancers form in tissues like muscle, blood vessels, and fat. Melanoma: This cancer starts in the cells that give skin color. (Melanocytes) Basal cell carcinoma: These cancers start deeper in the skin. They grow slowly but they won't spread to other areas of your body . Cancer Causes and Risk Factors ·         The most common causes of Penile Cancer are ·         Using tobacco products. ·         Having poor personal hygiene. ·         Weakened immune system because of HIV or ...

DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY Diabetes is the most silent and devastating health issue which, if neglected can lead to many long-term complications like Diabetic nephropathy (affecting kidneys), cardiovascular diseases affecting the heart, Diabetic retinopathy  (affecting the eyes), Diabetic neuropathy (affecting the nervous system) etc. Among the diabetic complications, Kidney disease is a major complication as it can lead to end-stage kidney disease requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation . How does Diabetes hurt or affect my Kidneys? The main job of the  kidneys  is to filter wastes and extra water out of the blood to make urine. Kidneys also help control blood pressure and produce  hormones  that your body needs to stay healthy. Kidneys have minute blood vessels that aid in filtering the blood. High blood sugar levels can make these vessels become narrow and clogged leading to decreased filtration capacity, causing the excretion of albumin ...

PROSTATE CANCER What is Prostate Cancer?   The prostate is a small gland, about the size of a walnut, just below the bladder in Men. It produces a thick, white fluid that mixes with sperm to make semen.  What is Cancer? Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Cancer develops when the body’s normal control mechanism stops working. Old cells do not die and instead grow out of control, forming new, abnormal cells. These extra cells may form a mass of tissue, called a tumor.  What are the causes of prostate cancer? Researchers do not know exactly what causes prostate cancer. But they have found some risk factors like change in the DNA, Inflammation of the Prostate Gland, Exposure to radiation, etc. Who is at risk of prostate cancer? Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in Indian men. Your risk of developing Prostate Cancer increases with: ·        Age above 60 years. · ...